Friday, June 29, 2007
Computer-Aided Design of a Water Pump Impeller for the Chrysler 4.0-Liter 6-Cylinder Engine
Computer-Aided Design of a Water Pump Impeller for the Chrysler 4.0-Liter 6-Cylinder Engine
Abstract: The development process of a water pump impeller used on a sport utility vehicle engine is described. A review of the design process is presented in this paper including the computer-aided flow analysis together with testing procedures. By computer modeling, one can estimate the coolant flow characteristics of a given impeller blade shape for providing increased cooling performance and improved efficiency on the engine. It also provides directions for the improved design. The test data are used specifically to confirm the analysis results.
Abstract: The development process of a water pump impeller used on a sport utility vehicle engine is described. A review of the design process is presented in this paper including the computer-aided flow analysis together with testing procedures. By computer modeling, one can estimate the coolant flow characteristics of a given impeller blade shape for providing increased cooling performance and improved efficiency on the engine. It also provides directions for the improved design. The test data are used specifically to confirm the analysis results.
Thursday, June 28, 2007
Freeze Dryer Characterization using Water Sublimation Tests and Applications for Lyocycle Scale-Up
Conference Module
Freeze Dryer Characterization using Water Sublimation Tests and Applications for Lyocycle Scale-Up
Tracks:
Contributed Papers: Process Scale-Up, Validation, and Technology Transfer
Date/Time:
Tuesday, October 31, 2006 2:00 PM - 6:00 PM
Location:
T3264
Description:
Purpose: To compare lab, pilot, and production-scale freeze dryers using water sublimation tests. Sublimation tests will be used to (i) identify shelf to shelf variation and map the lyophilizer with respect to sublimation rate (ii) evaluate the maximum sublimation rate attainable without overloading the freeze dryer (iii) calculate the vial heat transfer coefficient for various locations in the freeze dryer.
Methods: Using Water for Injection (WFI), the sublimation rate, determined gravimetrically, was evaluated for lab, pilot, and production-scale freeze dryers. Steady-state heat and mass transfer relationships relevant to freeze drying were used to calculate the heat transfer coefficients and overloading conditions for each freeze dryer evaluated. The heat transfer coefficient was used to model primary drying using PassageÒ Freeze Drying software.
Results: The sublimation tests in trays demonstrated that failure of the freeze dryer (e.g. loss of pressure control) might occur if the sublimation rate exceeds the thermal load capacity. The sublimation tests also demonstrated that the sublimation rate in vials increased towards the rear of the freeze drying chamber (closest to the pipe separating chamber and condenser) and typically the lowest sublimation rates were observed on the middle shelf, indication of the “coldest zone” of the lyophilizer. The heat transfer coefficient for various locations on a shelf is also dependent on the scale of the freeze dryer. For example the heat transfer coefficient for center vials in a pilot-scale freeze dryer was approximately half of the heat transfer coefficient calculated for center vials in a lab-scale freeze dryer. The PassageÒ Freeze Drying software predicted relative drying times that were consistent with experimental data for sublimation endpoint for various size lyophilizers.
Conclusion: Data acquired from water sublimation tests can be used to ensure the freeze dryer can sustain a thermal load for specified lyocycle conditions. Sublimation test data is also used to determine hot/cold zones in the lyophilizer that should be identified as areas interest for post-lyophilization testing such as water content and reconstitution time. Sublimation test data can be also be used to compare equivalence of various capacity dryers and the PassageÒ Freeze Drying software can be used to predict the endpoint of ice sublimation which is extremely valuable for lyocycle scale-up.
Freeze Dryer Characterization using Water Sublimation Tests and Applications for Lyocycle Scale-Up
Tracks:
Contributed Papers: Process Scale-Up, Validation, and Technology Transfer
Date/Time:
Tuesday, October 31, 2006 2:00 PM - 6:00 PM
Location:
T3264
Description:
Purpose: To compare lab, pilot, and production-scale freeze dryers using water sublimation tests. Sublimation tests will be used to (i) identify shelf to shelf variation and map the lyophilizer with respect to sublimation rate (ii) evaluate the maximum sublimation rate attainable without overloading the freeze dryer (iii) calculate the vial heat transfer coefficient for various locations in the freeze dryer.
Methods: Using Water for Injection (WFI), the sublimation rate, determined gravimetrically, was evaluated for lab, pilot, and production-scale freeze dryers. Steady-state heat and mass transfer relationships relevant to freeze drying were used to calculate the heat transfer coefficients and overloading conditions for each freeze dryer evaluated. The heat transfer coefficient was used to model primary drying using PassageÒ Freeze Drying software.
Results: The sublimation tests in trays demonstrated that failure of the freeze dryer (e.g. loss of pressure control) might occur if the sublimation rate exceeds the thermal load capacity. The sublimation tests also demonstrated that the sublimation rate in vials increased towards the rear of the freeze drying chamber (closest to the pipe separating chamber and condenser) and typically the lowest sublimation rates were observed on the middle shelf, indication of the “coldest zone” of the lyophilizer. The heat transfer coefficient for various locations on a shelf is also dependent on the scale of the freeze dryer. For example the heat transfer coefficient for center vials in a pilot-scale freeze dryer was approximately half of the heat transfer coefficient calculated for center vials in a lab-scale freeze dryer. The PassageÒ Freeze Drying software predicted relative drying times that were consistent with experimental data for sublimation endpoint for various size lyophilizers.
Conclusion: Data acquired from water sublimation tests can be used to ensure the freeze dryer can sustain a thermal load for specified lyocycle conditions. Sublimation test data is also used to determine hot/cold zones in the lyophilizer that should be identified as areas interest for post-lyophilization testing such as water content and reconstitution time. Sublimation test data can be also be used to compare equivalence of various capacity dryers and the PassageÒ Freeze Drying software can be used to predict the endpoint of ice sublimation which is extremely valuable for lyocycle scale-up.
Friday, June 22, 2007
Water Pump Design Software - Technalysis' CAE Engineering - CFD Software
Water Pump Design Software - Technalysis' CAE Engineering - CFD Software
Technalysis' CAE Expertise in Water Pump and Other Fluid Flowing Equipment Design
PASSAGE® software is a proven predictor of flow performance in pumps and other fluid moving equipment. The method used for water pump design focuses on analyzing the impeller and impeller housing and matching their combined performance. The results from flow models are evaluated to determine the impact of pump geometry on performance, flow capacity, and cavitations... more on water pump design using Passage Software.
Technalysis' CAE Expertise in Water Pump and Other Fluid Flowing Equipment Design
PASSAGE® software is a proven predictor of flow performance in pumps and other fluid moving equipment. The method used for water pump design focuses on analyzing the impeller and impeller housing and matching their combined performance. The results from flow models are evaluated to determine the impact of pump geometry on performance, flow capacity, and cavitations... more on water pump design using Passage Software.
Wednesday, June 20, 2007
Chromatography Techniques using CFD
Chromatography Techniques using CFD
Chromatography - Some Objectives of Using CAE
Understand effects of distributor and collector designs and process parameters on flow field.
Define a system that provides "plug flow”.
Eliminate back mixing in distribution system
Chromatography Calculations Using Passage Software
Velocity field inside column
Determine flow uniformity, plug flow
Locate channeling & vortexing regions
Back mixing in distributors
Statistical analysis of velocity variations
Degree of velocity variation and percentage of column affected
Performance comparison of different column configurations ... more on cfd consulting and software
Chromatography - Some Objectives of Using CAE
Understand effects of distributor and collector designs and process parameters on flow field.
Define a system that provides "plug flow”.
Eliminate back mixing in distribution system
Chromatography Calculations Using Passage Software
Velocity field inside column
Determine flow uniformity, plug flow
Locate channeling & vortexing regions
Back mixing in distributors
Statistical analysis of velocity variations
Degree of velocity variation and percentage of column affected
Performance comparison of different column configurations ... more on cfd consulting and software
Monday, June 04, 2007
CFD Process Modeling Software
CFD Process Modeling Software and Consulting for Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry
Computer-aided Engineering (CAE) in process modeling and equipment design has become an important factor for Pharmaceutical applications and Process Analytical Technology (PAT).
CAE complements existing testing methods by reducing costs and improving quality. CAE can also be used for scale-up studies.
Since 1985, Technalysis has been providing CAE engineering services and software and accumulated considerable experience using CAE for Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Food process modeling and equipment design.
Computer-aided Engineering (CAE) in process modeling and equipment design has become an important factor for Pharmaceutical applications and Process Analytical Technology (PAT).
CAE complements existing testing methods by reducing costs and improving quality. CAE can also be used for scale-up studies.
Since 1985, Technalysis has been providing CAE engineering services and software and accumulated considerable experience using CAE for Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Food process modeling and equipment design.
Chromatography Techniques using CFD
Chromatography Techniques using CFD
Chromatography - Some Objectives of Using CAE
Understand effects of distributor and collector designs and process parameters on flow field.
Define a system that provides "plug flow”.
Eliminate back mixing in distribution system
Chromatography Calculations Using Passage Software
Velocity field inside column
Determine flow uniformity, plug flow
Locate channeling & vortexing regions
Back mixing in distributors
Statistical analysis of velocity variations
Degree of velocity variation and percentage of column affected
Performance comparison of different column configurations
Chromatography - Some Objectives of Using CAE
Understand effects of distributor and collector designs and process parameters on flow field.
Define a system that provides "plug flow”.
Eliminate back mixing in distribution system
Chromatography Calculations Using Passage Software
Velocity field inside column
Determine flow uniformity, plug flow
Locate channeling & vortexing regions
Back mixing in distributors
Statistical analysis of velocity variations
Degree of velocity variation and percentage of column affected
Performance comparison of different column configurations
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